Gold apple

China, India and Nigeria have played major roles in the growth of the world's human population, although their demographic histories differ. During the 20th century, improvements in healthcare, sanitation, food production and medicine reduced death rates, allowing populations to expand rapidly. China experienced enormous growth before declining birth rates and the one-child policy slowed its expansion, eventually leading to population decline in 2022. India followed a more gradual decline in birth rates and overtook China as the world's most populous country in 2023. Nigeria, meanwhile, continues to experience rapid population growth due to relatively high birth rates and a young population, making it one of the major contributors to future global population growth.
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