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Joanna 🎀

@mademoiselle_jmk

a year ago

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Posted On: August 19th 2025, 04:45 pm

Getaway Car 🏎️👩🏼

#summer #cabrio #car #getaway #blonde #girl

Comments (2)

bartosz_twr

3 months ago

bartosz_twr

You & Me 💝♂️♀️

bartosz_twr

3 months ago

bartosz_twr

Piękna❤️😍🔥♂️♀️🦋🦋🦋♥️😉

More posts

خب کمتر از 40 روز دیگه تولدمه و من مثل هر سال خیلی ذوق دارم فقط وضعیت اقتصادی اجازه نمیده تولد بگیرم با 200 نفر 😄
از دوستان عزیز خواهش میکنم تولد برام بگیرید الکی هم پول کیک ندید منو فقط کادو خوشحال میکنه و سورپرایز کادو و بس😇
تا 18 اذر چیزی نمونده دست بجنبون
#تولد #آذر #پاییز #آذرماهی

Was the First Crusade really just a land grab by ambitious European knights?

It’s a common interpretation of the Crusades, but when we actually examine the evidence left behind by the men who took part, a very different picture begins to emerge.

In 1096, Achard of Montmerle mortgaged his property to the monastery of Cluny for 2,000 shillings and four mules to finance his journey to Jerusalem. He was killed during the Crusade, and the property passed to the monastery.

He wasn’t alone. Godfrey of Bouillon sold or mortgaged much of his property, while Stephen of Blois wrote to his wife about the terrible financial burden the crusaders were enduring. Some had exhausted their resources entirely, and others were struggling to find enough food to survive.

Of course, there were men who sought wealth, land and power. But the surviving charters and letters show just how costly this expedition could be, and how seriously many of its participants took their religious commitments.

If the First Crusade was simply an expedition motivated by greed, why were so many men prepared to sacrifice the wealth they already possessed to take part?

Perhaps the greater mistake is assuming that men living almost a thousand years ago must have been motivated by the same things that motivate us today.

Primary Sources:

Council of Clermont (1095), “Canon on the Jerusalem Expedition”

Achard of Montmerle, “Charter to the Abbey of Cluny” (1096)

Stephen of Blois, “Letter to Adela of Blois” (1098)

Secondary Sources:

Jonathan Riley-Smith, “The First Crusaders, 1095–1131”

Steven Runciman, “A History of the Crusades, Volume I”

Harriet Baber, “There’s No Point in Interfaith” (The Guardian, 2010)

It’s that time of year, so you know I had to reshare my all-time favorite video of Isla! 🎃👻🦖 (Halloween 2021)

Also, how was this already 5 years ago?! 😭😭😭

**ALSO, reuploading because the audio in the other post is now unavailable & the entire video got muted!!!** 😩

hi there, hope you’re having a good one