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Med Studygram

@aesthoscope

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Hii everyone 🥰 Its been a while since I’ve posted a #mechanismmondays post! But I want to be regular about it now 🥺 I know I haven’t been much active lately, but I’m getting there 💖 To everyone who is new here, welcome ✨ this is a routine thing I do of posting a pharmacology mechanism every monday 🥰 I hope you like it! Wb y’all, how have you guys been? This week’s post is all about Lithium carbonate - drug for mania and bipolar disorder Actions and Mechanism : CNS : On prolonged use, it acts as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder. In mania, it suppresses episodes taking 1-2 weeks. Proposed mechanisms : 1. Lithium in therapeutic concentrations inhibits hydrolysis of inositol-1-phosphate by inositol monophosphatase. As a result, the supply of free inositol for regeneration of membrane phosphatidyl-inositides which are a source of IP3 and DAG is reduced. The hyperactive neurones involved in manic state are affected. 2. Li+ partly replaces Na+ & isequally distributed inside and outside the cells Other actions : Inhibits ADH, leukocyte count is increased, inhibits release of thyroid hormones S/E : Nausea, vomiting, mild diarrhoea, thirst, polyuria, fine tremors Uses : Acute mania, Bipolar disorder Interactions : 1. Diuretics 2. Tetracyclines, NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors 3. Reduces pressor response to NA (don’t forget to save it for later ✨) by @aesthoscope
78
5 years ago
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❌ GIVEAWAY CLOSED ❌ I’m glad to let you guys know that I’m teaming up with Boards and Beyond to give a one month Step-1 subscription to one lucky winner! Boards and beyond has been my savior in 2nd year and its an integral part of step 1 prep. I love how easy to understand and well curated their videos are! Features you'll enjoy with a Boards & Beyond Step 1 membership: ✅ Access to 447 videos covering the breadth of USMLE Step 1 material  ✅ Content across 20 topic sections (Check out some sample videos here!) ✅ A question bank with more than 2300 USMLE-style questions  ✅ The confidence of an “A” rating from First Aid for the Boards ✅ Easy access to quizzes after each video  ✅ Custom quiz builder to make quizzes any length on any topic ✅ Type and save notes online while you watch videos ✅ Flag favorite videos and buld custom playlists for easy review later ✅ Searchable topic index ✅ Quiz performance tracking ✅ Free access to downloadable PDF files containing all PowerPoint slides ✅ Immediate access to new and updated content ✅ Mobile access via browser on iPhone, iPad, and Android devices ✅ Technical and customer support To participate : Follow @aesthoscope & @boardsbeyond 🍡 Like & save this post 🍡Tag a friend in the comments (one comment is one entry) 🍡 Share this post on your story and get bonus entries! Giveaway closes on 28th of May 23:59 IST by @aesthoscope
612
5 years ago
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Swipe —> I’ve compiled a list of YouTube channels which help me in med school! I think especially during clinical practicals, YT is my best friend 🥲 These channels have great content which is worth watching, especially now when we’re at home! I hope you find this post useful, and if you do please don’t forget to save it for later 💕 🏷 : #studygram #studygrammers #studygramcommunity #studyspo #studyblr #Youtuberecommendations #Youtube #digitalcreator #notiontemplate #featureme #studyblrsquad #medspiration #usmlestep1 #USMLE #stepone #notionsetup #digitalnotes #aestheticgram #ipad #applepencil #macbookair #youtubeindia #osmosis #deskdecor #desksetup #aestheticpage #studygramindia #studygrampl #studygramsquad by @aesthoscope
98
5 years ago
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Hii 🥰 I know its not a Monday, but its this week’s #MechanismMondays post, which is all about Thiomides/antithyroid drugs (Inhibit hormone synthesis) : ✨ Mechanism : These drugs bind to thyroid peroxidse and prevent oxidation of iodide and iodotyrosyl residues, there by - a. Inhibit iodination of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin b. Inhibit coupling of iodotyrosine residues to for T3 & T4 Thyroid colloid is depleted overtime and T3/T4 blood levels are lowered. Propylthiouracil also inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 by D1 type of iodothyronine deiodinase (D1 generates T3 and rT3) ✨ Action : They do not interfere with iodine trapping and do not modify the action of T3 & T4 on peripheral tissues. Goitre that occurs with high doses is due to increased TSH release as a consequence of reduction in feedback inhibition ✨ Pharmacokinetics : Enter milk and placenta, quickly orally absorbed & excreted in urine as metabolites ✨ S/E : Hypothyroidism, goiter, GIT intolerance, skin rashes & joint pain, liver damage, graying of hair, loss of taste ✨ Use : Thyrotoxicosis in Graves’ disease and toxic nodular goitre Don’t forget to save it for later 💕 #studygram #studygrammers #studyspace #studyblr #studyspo #studyspiration #studygramcommunity #mbbs #medico #medstudent #microbiology #featureme #studyblrsquad #medspiration #USMLE #futuredoctor #medicalschool #medicine #bookaesthetic #MEDspired #usmlestep1 #pharmacology #aestheticgram #medgram #drugmechanisms by @aesthoscope
83
5 years ago
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Hiii everyone 🥰 This is the second part of @notionhq Basics - which is all about backlinks. Backlinks are so damn useful while you’re using Notion, I can’t stress enough. Especially while typing your notes if some repetition is needed, you could just add a backlink to the page which has all the information already. This is a very basic feature of Notion, so I thought I must include it here. (Also please ignore the typos in the last poster 😂 its conditions*, drug is*, the*) Also I was thinking if this should be a series, of Notion basics and I keep adding more to this? What do you suggest 🤔 I hope this helps you understand the features better 💕 Please save it for later, if you liked it! #studygram #studygrammers #studygramcommunity #studyspo #studyblr #notion #notionhq #digitalcreator #notiontemplate #featureme #studyblrsquad #medspiration #productivity #usmlestep1 #exampreparation #notionsetup #digitalnotes #aestheticgram #notionapp #medgram #macbookair by @aesthoscope
78
5 years ago
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#MechanismMondays : It’s all about Loop diuretics this week! ⛲️ Mechanism : The site of action is thick ascending loop of henle where the Na-K-2Cl cotransport is inhibited. They act from the luminal side. This abolishes corticomedullary osmotic gradient as no electrolytes enter the interstitium hence free water clearance is blocked (water does not move out from DCT). HCO3 is also excreted due to weak CAse inhibitory action. They increase Calcium as well as Magnesium excretion by abolishing the lumen positive transepithelial potential difference in TAL which drives reabsorption of these cations. They tend to raise blood uric acid level by competing with its tubular secretion & increasing reabsorption. ⛲️ Pharmacokinetics : Furosemide is orally absorbed over 2-3 hours & bioavailability is 60%; highly bound to plasma proteins ⛲️ Uses : Edema (CHF), Acute pulmonary edema, Cerebral edema, Hypertension, Hypercalcemia of malignancy ⛲️ Complications : Hypokalaemia, Acute saline depletion, Hyponatraemia, GIT & CNS distrubances, Hearing loss, Hyperuricemia, Hypocalcemia, Hyperglycemia, Magnesium depletion, Nephrotoxicity Don’t forget to save this for later! 💕 #studygram #studygrammers #studyspace #studyblr #studyspo #studyspiration #studygramcommunity #mbbs #medico #medstudent #mechanismmondays #featureme #studyblrsquad #medspiration #USMLE #futuredoctor #medicalschool #medicine #bookaesthetic #MEDspired #usmlestep1 #pharmacology #aestheticgram #medgram #druginteractions by @aesthoscope
67
5 years ago
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Swipe for some Notion basics on how to get started! Yes, I’m obsessed 😂 But can I tell you how convenient this app is to use? Imagine having your entire life in one app! Its pretty tough to get on with, but trust me once you do, you’re going to love this one. The first time I downloaded it, I deleted it again within an hour, cause I literally had no clue what to do. And then randomly, one day spent 5-6 hours & set the whole thing up and it was totally worth it 🤩 I’ve decided to shift some parts of my notes here, as I have so many options to look out for! I can view all topics in one place in the form of lists, tables, boards etc, and search for anything and everything. But with these pros, there are a few cons which should be looked into : the backlinks don’t work great, there’s no auto capitalization option within the app (which is a major bummer) & I wish they had a dictionary. But nevertheless! Also, there are ample number of templates available in Notion Library which you can modify and put to your own use. I’ll post more tutorials soon 🥰 Qotd : What’s your favorite thing about Notion? (If you’re using it) Hope you found this helpful! Don’t forget to save this for later 💖 by @aesthoscope
85
5 years ago
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#MechanismMondays Today’s post is all about - COMT inhibitors (antiparkinsonian drugs) 🧠 Potent & reversible COMT inhibitors - ENTACAPONE, TOLCAPONE have been introduced as adjuvants to levodopa- carbidopa for PD 🧠 Mechanism : When peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa is blocked by carbidopa/benserazide, it is metabolized by COMT to 3-O-methyldopa. This is blocked by COMT inhibitors, prolonging T1/2 life of levodopa & allowing a larger fraction to cross to brain. Because 3-OMD competes with levodopa for active transport across BBB, lowering its levels improves the entry of levodopa in brain. 🧠 Since, COMT plays a role in degradation of Dopamine in the brain, the inhibitors could preserve DA formed in the stratium. 🧠 Entacapone acts only in the periphery due to its short T1/2 of 2 hours. 🧠 Both these drugs enhance the therapeutic effect of levodopa-carbidopa in ADVANCED PD, and allow the levodopa dose to be reduced. They’re not indicated in early PD. 🧠 S/E : Worsening of levodopa S/E such as nausea, vomiting, dyskinesia, postural hypotension, hallucinations occurs. This can be however minimized by reducing the levodopa dose by 20-30%. Other S/E : yellow-orange discoloration of urine, diarrhoea. Acute fatal hepatitis & rhabdomyolosis has been reported due to Tolcapone. by @aesthoscope
59
5 years ago
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Happy weekend everyone 🥰 If you are a med student, here’s a list of newsletters you need to subscribe to if you haven’t already! They’re all so diverse, and provide with heaps of information and updates. I am an old soul when it comes to emails, who spends time checking the mailbox, so these were a must for me. It’s interesting how newsletters could be annoying but really insightful at the same time and trust me these are the ones you need! Also my favorite has to be medscape, thanks to their super intriguing case scenarios 😌 Q. Which is your favorite med related newsletter? Hope you found this post useful; don’t forget to save it for later 💖 by @aesthoscope
97
6 years ago
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Its yet another #MechanismMondays post! All about Heparin - Indirect thrombin inhibitor 🧚🏻‍♀️ Mechanism - It acts by activating plasma antithrombin 3 (a serine protease inhibitor). The heparin-AT3 complex then binds to clotting factors of intrinsic and common pathways - 10a, 2a, 9a, 11a, 12a, 13a and inactives them, but not 7a operative in the extrinsic pathway. 🧚🏻‍♀️ At low concentrations of Heparin, factor 10a mediated conversion of prothrombin to thrombin is selectively affected. Anticoagulant action is by inhibiting 10a & 2a (thrombin) mediated conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. 🧚🏻‍♀️ Low concentrations of heparin prolonh aPTT without prolonging PT. 🧚🏻‍♀️ Heparin enhances AT3’s action by - a) providing a scaffolding for the clotthing factors. b) inducing a conformational change in AT3 to expose its interactive sides. 🧚🏻‍♀️ Actions : Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet, Lipaemia clearing 🧚🏻‍♀️ S/E : Bleeding, HIT, Transient & reversible alopecia, Osteoporosis, Hypersensitivity 🧚🏻‍♀️ Contraindications : Bleeding disorders, Severe hypertension, SABE, Ocular and neurosurgery, Chronic alcoholics, Cirrhosis, Renal failure, Aspirin to be used cautiously. LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN : Selectively inhibits 10a with little effect on 2a. Act by inducing conformational change in AT3. Have a smaller effect on aPTT. It has better bioavailability, longer t1/2, lab monitoring not required. by @aesthoscope
71
6 years ago
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Happy weekend 🐣 Here’s a list of all the books that I used throughout my second year. I’ve tried to review the books, how I used them and if there’s something I didn’t like. Also, I’m so tired of them now cause second MBBS lasted a lifetime 🥲 Anyway, I hope this review helps you in some way 💕 Don’t forget to save it for later! #studygram #studygrammers #studyspace #studyblr #studyspo #studyspiration #studygramcommunity #mbbs #medico #medstudent #microbiology #featureme #studyblrsquad #medspiration #USMLE #futuredoctor #medicalschool #medicine #bookaesthetic #MEDspired #usmlestep1 #pharmacology #aestheticgram #medgram #pathology #bookrecommendations #mbbslife #medicallife by @aesthoscope
79
6 years ago
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#MechanismMondays This week’s post is all about - Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (Montelukast, Zafirlukast) used in the treatment of Bronchial Asthma. 🍂 Guidelines for usage of Leukotriene receptor antagonists in the therapy of asthma as per the recommendations of British Thoracic Society & National Asthma Education and Prevention Programme : 1. Seasonal asthma (in children) - oral Montelukast/Zafirlukast 2. Mild chronic asthma with occasional exacerbations - Montelukast/Zafirlukast used as an alternative to regular low dose ICS but may be ineffective or afford less complete relief 3. Moderate asthma with frequent exacerbations - Leukotriene antagonists used as an alternate to long acting B2 agonists 4. Severe asthma - Used as an additional treatment 🍂 Actions : They competitively antagonize cysLT1 receptor mediated bronchoconstriction, airway mucus secretion, increased vascular permeability & recruitment of eosinophils causing Bronchodilation, reduced sputum eosinophil count, suppression of inflammation, mucus & hyperactivity. Thought the efficacy is low, they may obviate the need for inhaled steroids. 🍂 MOA : Leukotrienes are produced by lipoxygenase pathway which mainly acts in lungs, WBCs and platelets. Membrane phospholipids are converted to Arachidonic Acid by Phospholipase A2 which is further converted to 5-HPETE by 5-Lipooxygenase which forms Leukotrienes - LTA4 that is converted to LTB4 & LTC4. LTC4 is metabolized to LTD4, LTE4, LTF4. These act on the cysT1 receptors present in bronchial muscles, and these receptors are blocked by the action of Leukotriene receptor antagonists. 🍂 Pharmacokinetics : Well absorbed, highly protein bound, metabolised by CYP2C9, plasma half life is 3-6 & 8-12 hrs of Montelukast & Zafirlukast resp. 🍂 Contraindications : Not to be used for terminating asthma episodes 🍂 Uses : Effective in aspirin-induced asthma & exercise induced asthma, afford relief in perennial allergic rhinitis 🍂 S/E : Abdominal pain, headache, and rashes. Few cases of Churg-Strauss syndrome reported (don’t forget to save it for later) by @aesthoscope
77
6 years ago
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