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A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON TRANSCRIPTOME ALTERATION IN PRIMARY OSTEOARTHRITIC BONE TISSUE

Primary osteoarthritis (OA) affects 10% to 20% of adults globally, yet molecular mechanisms within subchondral bone alterations remain poorly understood. Following PRISMA guidelines across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, 21 eligible transcriptomic studies (microarray, bulk RNA-seq, scRNA-seq, and spatial transcriptomics) were systematically analyzed. The visual narrative illustrates the workflow from clinical joint degeneration to multi-omics data synthesis. Key cellular shifts highlight osteoblasts, T/NK cells, and macrophages alongside major biological pathways, prominently PI3K-Akt, TGF-B, and Wnt B-catenin signaling involved in matrix remodeling, inflammation, and osteoblast differentiation. By mapping these dysregulated pathways and cellular crosstalk, this work provides critical insights into bone-targeted therapeutic targets and disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) to halt progressive joint destruction.

📊 If you like this graphical abstract, click ❤️ for it! by @fom_research_um

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10 days ago

From Blood to Better Knees: Autologous Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis is a major cause of pain, disability and reduced mobility. This graphical abstract illustrates the translational pathway of autologous platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEV), from patient blood collection and rapid GMP-based isolation to characterisation and same-visit intra-articular injection. The visual highlights the rationale for PEV as bioactive carriers containing proteins and RNAs that may modulate inflammation, support chondrocyte survival, and promote cartilage repair and joint homeostasis. It also summarises potential clinical benefits, including reduced pain, improved joint function and mobility, together with future opportunities for personalised regenerative therapy, biomarker-guided monitoring and broader clinical translation.

📊 If you like this graphical abstract, click ❤️ for it! by @fom_research_um

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14 days ago

Artificial Intelligence In Osteoarthritis Diagnosis: A Systematic Review

This systematic review study is to systematically review the current evidence on the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI) modelling in predicting osteoarthritis (OA). There are many studies being done on using AI to predict osteoarthritis. I search for the papers on 4 different databases with search strategy form using PICO framework. Concept for population is osteoarthritis, whereas artificial intelligence is for intervention concept, and diagnosis as concept of outcome. There are papers that use only imaging data, and some use multimodal data to predict OA. There are emerging number of papers in recent years using Explainable AI (XAI) with AI modelling to diagnose OA. With the increased number of research using AI to predict OA, it can detect early onset of OA effectively, and slow down the progression of OA in patients.

📊 If you like this graphical abstract, click ❤️ for it! by @fom_research_um

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14 days ago

DEVELOPING AND EVALUATING IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES FOR INTEGRATING THE ASTHMA SLIDE RULE BUNDLE INTO ROUTINE PRIMARY CARE PRACTICE: A PILOT FEASIBILITY STUDY

Asthma remains a significant challenge in primary care, particularly among patients with over reliance on short-acting beta₂-agonists (SABA) and suboptimal use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). This study aims to support integration of the Asthma Slide Rule (ASR) into routine primary care practice. In Phase 1, healthcare stakeholders prioritised barriers, facilitators and feasible implementation strategies for integrating the ASR into routine care. These strategies inform a structured ASR implementation bundle, which combines the ASR with GINA assessment and the Reliever Reliance Test (RRT). Healthcare professional training is provided to support implementation. In Phase 2, a mixed-method pilot feasibility study will assess integration of the ASR bundle into routine consultations and explore its preliminary effectiveness on patient outcomes. Feasibility and implementation determinants will be assessed alongside ASR bundle, adherence to inhalers and intention to act. This study seeks to provide a practical, context-sensitive approach to improving asthma care in Malaysian primary care.

📊 If you like this graphical abstract, click ❤️ for it! by @fom_research_um

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14 days ago

A multi-phase initiative to reduce low-value blood gas testing in the Emergency Department

Blood gas testing in a high-volume emergency department was often routine, reflexive or duplicated, with no standardised indications. This study developed an indication-based ABG/VBG algorithm through a practice-grounded, multi-phase process. A retrospective audit characterised utilisation, documented indications and patterns of clinical management, enabling clinically meaningful testing to be defined as a result that changed or confirmed management. Prospective point-of-care data then examined indications, usability and behavioural drivers. Audit findings and evidence were translated through multidisciplinary consensus, into a validated visual algorithm, followed by education, clinical reminders and implementation. The graphical abstract presents this pathway, the indication criteria, outcome shifts and the monthly tests utilisation trend. Clinically meaningful testing increased from 31.7% to 52.7%, while tests per patient visit fell by 31%. Over 10 months, 9,187 tests were avoided, saving RM124,955, with projected annual savings of approximately RM150,000.

📊 If you like this graphical abstract, click ❤️ for it! by @fom_research_um

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14 days ago

Utilization of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapies in CKM syndrome in UMMC: A Retrospective Cohort Study

This submission illustrates a retrospective cohort study evaluating the utilization of guideline-directed medical therapies (GDMT) for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome at University Malaya Medical Centre. The submission effectively shows the study’s workflow. Through line and bar charts, the abstract visualizes prescribing trends for SGLT2 inhibitors, MRAs, and GLP-1 RAs from 2023 to 2025 across progressive CKM stages. The data shows that while SGLT2 inhibitors have successful and growing integration for early cardiorenal preservation, MRAs and GLP-1 RAs remain severely underutilized. Ultimately, this submission visually communicates the urgent need for multidisciplinary strategies to overcome persistent prescribing barriers and optimize comprehensive, disease-modifying therapies.

📊 If you like this graphical abstract, click ❤️ for it! by @fom_research_um

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14 days ago

PREVALENCE OF HYPERKALEMIA OVER LONG WEEKENDS & RECURRENT HYPERKALEMIA IN ESRD PATIENTS

This research poster evaluates the heightened vulnerability of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients to severe and recurrent hyperkalemia during the long interdialytic weekend gap. By analyzing paired patient data over 12 months, the study demonstrates a significant surge in potassium accumulation following the extended treatment gap compared to midweek levels (p = 0.0009), with McNemar's test confirming a significant transition from normal midweek potassium to post-weekend hyperkalemia (p = 0.0389). The findings establish the long interdialytic gap as a critical driver of life-threatening arrhythmic risk. To mitigate this hazard, the authors advocate for targeted, schedule-specific clinical interventions, including pre-weekend dietary counseling, optimized potassium binder therapy, and dialysis schedule adjustment to protect vulnerable patients during high-risk treatment intervals.

📊 If you like this graphical abstract, click ❤️ for it! by @fom_research_um

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14 days ago

CLINICAL PHENOTYPES OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA ACROSS THE ADULTS LIFESPAN : A CLUSTER ANALYSIS

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a heterogeneous disorder with variation in age, obesity, daytime sleepiness, and disease severity, which may not be adequately represented by the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) alone. This study applied K-means cluster analysis to 660 patients undergoing polysomnography at University Malaya Medical Centre to identify distinct clinical phenotypes across the adult lifespan. Four clusters emerged, demonstrating different combinations of age, body weight, sleepiness, and OSA severity, including a clinically relevant young, overweight phenotype with comparatively less severe OSA. The graphical abstract illustrates the study population, clustering approach, resulting phenotypes, and their clinical implications. These findings reinforce the heterogenecity of OSA and suggest that phenotype-based classification may improve patient stratification, personalized risk assessment, and targeted management. Future multicentre and longitudinal studies are needed to validate these phenotypes and determine their associations with clinical outcomes and treatment response.

📊 If you like this graphical abstract, click ❤️ for it! by @fom_research_um

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14 days ago

Retrospective Analysis of Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Strongyloides stercoralis Investigation at a Tertiary Care Centre

This retrospective study evaluated the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics associated with Strongyloides stercoralis detection at a tertiary medical centre. A total of 5,962 stool faecal examination and microscopy (FEME) orders performed between 2020 and 2025 were reviewed and filtered for S. stercoralis, while clinical records of 14 individuals who underwent Strongyloides-specific serological testing during the same period were evaluated. Data analysed included age, gender, departmental location, stool microscopy and serology results, and among positive cases, presenting symptoms, relevant risk factors, absolute eosinophil counts, host immunological status and treatment received. S. stercoralis was identified in a small proportion of stool FEME examinations, while serological testing was performed in a limited number of patients. The findings demonstrated variation in demographic and clinical characteristics, with eosinophilia not consistently present among positive cases and immunocompromising factors identified in some patients. The study highlights the clinical and laboratory characteristics of S. stercoralis detection within a tertiary care setting and the complementary role of stool microscopy and serological testing in its diagnosis.

📊 If you like this graphical abstract, click ❤️ for it! by @fom_research_um

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14 days ago

YOUNG OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN UNIVERSITY MALAYA MEDICAL CENTRE

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly recognized in young adults, yet its clinical characteristics in Malaysia remain insufficiently understood. This study evaluated 660 patients undergoing polysomnography at University Malaya Medical Centre, comparing young adults aged <40 years (n=245) with older adults aged ≥40 years (n=415). The graphical abstract summarizes the study rationale, cohort design, clinical assessments, and key sleep-related findings. Young adults represented 37% of the study population, with 64% having severe OSA. Compared with older adults, young adults demonstrated distinct clinical and sleep characteristics, including differences in obesity-related measures, symptoms, and advanced sleep metrics. These findings highlight the burden of OSA among younger adults and support greater awareness, earlier screening, and age-specific management strategies, while providing a basis for larger multicentre studies of young-adult OSA.

📊 If you like this graphical abstract, click ❤️ for it! by @fom_research_um

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14 days ago

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypomagnesaemia and Metabolic Acidosis in Chronic Haemodialysis Patients - A Multicentre Prospective Cohort Study

This scientific poster presents a multicentre cohort study (N = 204) evaluating the prevalence, clinical risk factors, and healthcare impacts of hypomagnesemia and metabolic acidosis in chronic haemodialysis patients. Pre-dialysis metabolic acidosis was identified as a major unmonitored issue affecting 62.7% of patients, strongly linked to elevated potassium via transcellular shifting (p = 0.001) and impaired uremic phosphate clearance (p < 0.0001). Conversely, while overall hypomagnesemia prevalence remained low at 7.8%, Diabetes Mellitus was identified as the primary risk driver, conferring a 12-fold increase in clinical odds (12.6% in diabetics vs. 1.2% in non-diabetics, p = 0.017). Ultimately, these findings highlight a critical diagnostic blindspot in current clinical practice, advocating for policy revisions to mandate routine quarterly pre-dialysis serum bicarbonate and magnesium screening in national Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) to reduce silent metabolic morbidity and long-term cardiovascular mortality.

📊 If you like this graphical abstract, click ❤️ for it! by @fom_research_um

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14 days ago

What’s the Difference Between Burnout and Compassion Fatigue? A Qualitative Exploration from Counselors’ Perspective

Burnout and compassion fatigue (CF) are common among counselors and often share similar symptoms. The overlap can make them difficult to distinguish in practice. Yet, identifying the differences matters because their antecedents, manifestations, impacts may differ. Treating them similarly may lead to less targeted support. Counselors often manage both occupational demands and clients’ psychological distress. They are in a unique position to describe what burnout and CF feel like in practice and how to distinguish between them. After interviewing 15 counselors, we found that the antecedents for burnout were more complicated than CF, which also involved organizational and environmental stressors; the core symptoms and impacts for burnout and CF had both overlapping and distinct parts; However, counselors treated them in the same way. Although burnout and CF share some symptoms and may require similar forms of support, their different pathways suggest that a one-size-fits-all approach may not be adequate.

📊 If you like this graphical abstract, click ❤️ for it! by @fom_research_um

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14 days ago