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11 days ago
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11 days ago
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12 days ago
Download ![Hanja refers to traditional Chinese characters that were borrowed and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciations. [1, 2]
What is Hanja?
Chinese roots: Hanja are traditional Chinese characters used in Korea for centuries before the creation of the modern alphabet.
Sino-Korean words: About 60% of Korean vocabulary comes from Chinese roots, known as Sino-Korean words.
Meaning-based: While Hangul represents sounds, Hanja characters represent specific meanings. [1, 2]
Hanja vs. Hangul
Hangul dominance: Modern Korean is written almost entirely in Hangul, the phonetic alphabet created by King Sejong in 1446.
No native readings: Unlike Japanese Kanji, Hanja is not used to write native Korean words. Native words use only Hangul.
Traditional form: Hanja uses traditional characters and has not undergone modern simplifications like those used in mainland China. [1, 2, 3]
Where is Hanja used today?
Personal and family names: Many Korean names and family clan origins are rooted in Hanja.
Formal documents: Legal papers, official records, and traditional certificates sometimes include Hanja for clarity.
Newspapers and menus: You may see characters used in headlines to tell apart words that sound the same, or on restaurant menus to show portion sizes.
Art and calligraphy: Traditional texts, art, and historical monuments rely heavily on Hanja.
Silvio Pasqualini Bolzano inglese ripetizioni English insegnante teacher linguistics linguist linguista dialectology phonology lexicography lexicology polyglot poliglotta paleontology scuola di lingue language school tutor paleontologist paleontologia paleontologo science scientist scienziato italiano American Canadian taken in Silvio Pasqualini Bolzano Inglese English Ripetizioni by @privateenglish__lessons](https://s7.imginn.com/813959217_18126145772308043_6075706297362007654_n.webp?t51.82787-15/813959217_18126145772308043_6075706297362007654_n.webp?stp=dst-webp_s1290x1290&_nc_cat=107&ig_cache_key=Mzk4ODM2MjU3NDUxODg4NTc4MQ%3D%3D.3-ccb7-5&ccb=7-5&_nc_sid=58cdad&efg=eyJ2ZW5jb2RlX3RhZyI6IkZFRUQueHBpZHMuMTQ0MC5zZHIucmVndWxhcl9waG90by5DMyJ9&_nc_ohc=IGiTjED3SgQQ7kNvwFlzSvn&_nc_oc=AdqiAjcS1h7PWtDg3uNmhI1B0mSfTWeRMVxC72T0HFz3eVNcEM4zVZS4LoBa_DB6vJXTWU53EsM0AvKown6tJRjG&_nc_ad=z-m&_nc_cid=0&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-mia3-3.cdninstagram.com&_nc_gid=cyantGyLc2Jbqf3hqsBZ_A&_nc_ss=7a22e&oh=00_AQOpAgNZtV9weiDQbMskC7hvH8Gp0Wq02tXwj82mOlJ74g&oe=6AD8319C)
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a month ago
Download ![Yes, Korean, Japanese, and Chinese numbers are related through historical borrowing, even though the three base languages are from entirely different language families. [1]
The Shared Number System (Sino-Xenic)
Chinese origin: Korean (Sino-Korean) and Japanese (Sino-Japanese) borrowed their secondary number words directly from historical forms of Chinese. [1]
Phonetic similarity: Sound patterns remain very close across all three languages. For example, the number "three" is sān in Mandarin, san in Japanese, and sam (삼) in Korean. [1]
Large numbers: All three languages group large numbers by units of 10,000 (wàn in Chinese, man in Korean and Japanese), rather than the Western grouping of 1,000 (thousand). [1]
Dual Number Systems
Native systems: Both Korean and Japanese originally had their own native counting words before interacting with Chinese civilization.
Coexistence: Instead of replacing native words, both cultures kept their native numbers for everyday things (like counting people or hours) and adopted the Chinese-derived numbers for formal writing, money, and large values (like minutes or years).
Chinese independence: Chinese uses only one native numerical system.
Silvio Pasqualini Bolzano inglese ripetizioni English insegnante teacher linguistics linguist linguista dialectology phonology lexicography lexicology polyglot poliglotta paleontology scuola di lingue language school tutor paleontologist paleontologia paleontologo science scientist scienziato italiano American Canadian taken in Bolzano, Italy by @privateenglish__lessons](https://s7.imginn.com/814453027_18126111059308043_7398873902282492783_n.webp?t51.82787-15/814453027_18126111059308043_7398873902282492783_n.webp?stp=dst-webp_p1290x1290&_nc_cat=105&ig_cache_key=Mzk4ODIwMjIyNzkwNDMxMDYwOA%3D%3D.3-ccb7-5&ccb=7-5&_nc_sid=58cdad&efg=eyJ2ZW5jb2RlX3RhZyI6IkZFRUQueHBpZHMuMTQ0MC5zZHIucmVndWxhcl9waG90by5DMyJ9&_nc_ohc=KW369fTAegMQ7kNvwGihBbA&_nc_oc=AdrMwoEmbtj2GLsvPlEaiYWyXeOIcpMWY0wCpbpNaxeS32s0cj8H6UMilbdgFv88DW3x9lwPVHVjeqKbatpP5ILn&_nc_ad=z-m&_nc_cid=0&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-mia3-2.cdninstagram.com&_nc_gid=cyantGyLc2Jbqf3hqsBZ_A&_nc_ss=7a22e&oh=00_AQO0Y41lB9HTUEeM0V5LXb9mPacmi64F-m6ZCyLu6pmZsQ&oe=6AD83483)
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a month ago
Download ![Japanese Kanji and Chinese Hanzi share the same historical roots, with roughly 50% to 60% of basic characters looking identical or very similar in shape and meaning. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Key Similarities
Shared Origin: Japanese Kanji are borrowed Chinese characters introduced to Japan centuries ago.
Visual Form: Many characters look identical or closely match traditional and simplified Chinese writing.
Core Meanings: Basic concepts like person (人) or water (水) share the same meaning in both languages. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Major Differences
Pronunciation: The same character is read completely differently in Mandarin Chinese versus Japanese. Japanese uses both native readings (kun'yomi) and Chinese-borrowed readings (on'yomi). [1, 2]
Divergent Simplification: Mainland China adopted Simplified Chinese, while Japan created its own simplified forms called shinjitai, meaning some characters evolved differently. [1, 2]
False Friends: Some shared characters have completely different modern meanings (for example, 勉強 means "study" in Japanese, but "reluctant effort" in Chinese). [1]
Extra Alphabets: Japanese mixes Kanji with two phonetic syllabaries—Hiragana and Katakana—which do not exist in Chinese.
Silvio Pasqualini Bolzano inglese ripetizioni English insegnante teacher linguistics linguist linguista dialectology phonology lexicography lexicology polyglot poliglotta paleontology scuola di lingue language school tutor paleontologist paleontologia paleontologo science scientist scienziato italiano American Canadian taken in Bolzano, Italy by @privateenglish__lessons](https://s7.imginn.com/814339168_18126110438308043_2114938538065976322_n.webp?t51.82787-15/814339168_18126110438308043_2114938538065976322_n.webp?stp=dst-webp_s1290x1290&_nc_cat=100&ig_cache_key=Mzk4ODIwMDI4MDA2OTUzMTAzMg%3D%3D.3-ccb7-5&ccb=7-5&_nc_sid=58cdad&efg=eyJ2ZW5jb2RlX3RhZyI6IkZFRUQueHBpZHMuMTQ0MC5zZHIucmVndWxhcl9waG90by5DMyJ9&_nc_ohc=W8F6ugO8nWsQ7kNvwHa731P&_nc_oc=Adp06BYuGKDGQddPXc93wMxLg2RlilmUGITAbJKAkHo7i3JbcQKEIOLDKs83W5CP97wOfbvyUFYA55u_hOHLPChY&_nc_ad=z-m&_nc_cid=0&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-mia5-2.cdninstagram.com&_nc_gid=cyantGyLc2Jbqf3hqsBZ_A&_nc_ss=7a22e&oh=00_AQNhD3XE2fhzoIxdawZ_ggTxqb7InXHwtZA1br-apx48hg&oe=6AD8338E)
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a month ago
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Download ![Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese are two distinct writing systems for the same underlying language, distributed across different geographic regions and shaped by distinct political, historical, and cultural factors. [1, 2]
Regional Distribution
Mainland China: Uses Simplified Chinese as the official standard for government, media, and education, introduced in the mid-20th century to boost literacy. [1, 2]
Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau: Use Traditional Chinese exclusively or primarily in official documents, education, and public life. [1]
Singapore and Malaysia: Officially or commonly use Simplified Chinese, though older traditional usage or mixed local variations persist in certain communities. [1, 2]
Overseas Communities: Feature a mix. Older diaspora communities (such as in North America and Europe) traditionally favored Traditional Chinese, but newer immigration from Mainland China has increased the presence of Simplified Chinese. [1]
Key Differences
Stroke Complexity: Traditional characters retain intricate historical structures, while Simplified characters reduce the number of strokes per character using standardized historical shorthand or newly devised forms. [1, 2, 3]
Mutual Intelligibility: Despite visual differences, most literate native users of one script can read and understand a large portion of the other (often around 80% or more) with minimal practice. [1, 2]
Text Flow: Simplified text is typically formatted horizontally, whereas Traditional text frequently appears in both horizontal and traditional vertical layouts. [1]
Silvio Pasqualini Bolzano inglese ripetizioni English insegnante teacher linguistics linguist linguista dialectology phonology lexicography lexicology polyglot poliglotta paleontology scuola di lingue language school tutor paleontologist paleontologia paleontologo science scientist scienziato italiano American Canadian taken in Bolzano, Italy by @privateenglish__lessons](https://s7.imginn.com/813911972_18126047702308043_4113190165085853332_n.webp?t51.82787-15/813911972_18126047702308043_4113190165085853332_n.webp?stp=dst-webp_p1290x1290&_nc_cat=109&ig_cache_key=Mzk4NzgxMjE3MDA5Nzc1NjIyNg%3D%3D.3-ccb7-5&ccb=7-5&_nc_sid=58cdad&efg=eyJ2ZW5jb2RlX3RhZyI6IkZFRUQueHBpZHMuMTQ0MC5zZHIucmVndWxhcl9waG90by5DMyJ9&_nc_ohc=rqzgkiuBPBwQ7kNvwH2LJXU&_nc_oc=AdpqRt1h8Thp3HIw6fs7uF2N__EYdzz_72v4FphW3AQnyluUPTzv1ZH7uCnRvSskeVYY4rby7KWsaikUdS0mOnXa&_nc_ad=z-m&_nc_cid=0&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-mia5-2.cdninstagram.com&_nc_gid=cyantGyLc2Jbqf3hqsBZ_A&_nc_ss=7a22e&oh=00_AQMAifQDWmOYFbVudF90JYZr1Urko6M88MPrJTUq4OHQWA&oe=6AD82E2B)
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a month ago
Download ![Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese are two distinct writing systems for the same underlying language, distributed across different geographic regions and shaped by distinct political, historical, and cultural factors. [1, 2]
Regional Distribution
Mainland China: Uses Simplified Chinese as the official standard for government, media, and education, introduced in the mid-20th century to boost literacy. [1, 2]
Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau: Use Traditional Chinese exclusively or primarily in official documents, education, and public life. [1]
Singapore and Malaysia: Officially or commonly use Simplified Chinese, though older traditional usage or mixed local variations persist in certain communities. [1, 2]
Overseas Communities: Feature a mix. Older diaspora communities (such as in North America and Europe) traditionally favored Traditional Chinese, but newer immigration from Mainland China has increased the presence of Simplified Chinese. [1]
Key Differences
Stroke Complexity: Traditional characters retain intricate historical structures, while Simplified characters reduce the number of strokes per character using standardized historical shorthand or newly devised forms. [1, 2, 3]
Mutual Intelligibility: Despite visual differences, most literate native users of one script can read and understand a large portion of the other (often around 80% or more) with minimal practice. [1, 2]
Text Flow: Simplified text is typically formatted horizontally, whereas Traditional text frequently appears in both horizontal and traditional vertical layouts. [1]
Silvio Pasqualini Bolzano inglese ripetizioni English insegnante teacher linguistics linguist linguista dialectology phonology lexicography lexicology polyglot poliglotta paleontology scuola di lingue language school tutor paleontologist paleontologia paleontologo science scientist scienziato italiano American Canadian taken in Bolzano, Italy by @privateenglish__lessons](https://s7.imginn.com/813243994_18126047603308043_8417765426659533400_n.webp?t51.82787-15/813243994_18126047603308043_8417765426659533400_n.webp?stp=dst-webp_s1290x1290&_nc_cat=101&ig_cache_key=Mzk4NzgxMDgyNzk0NTg0NDQ0NA%3D%3D.3-ccb7-5&ccb=7-5&_nc_sid=58cdad&efg=eyJ2ZW5jb2RlX3RhZyI6IkZFRUQueHBpZHMuMTQ0MC5zZHIucmVndWxhcl9waG90by5DMyJ9&_nc_ohc=gTfYYflUg_wQ7kNvwHCteSp&_nc_oc=AdrsavcUGYxL7cDwXK6Kka-WAp_lugJG9Wg31JP_mo61_DbiAI1heIhELYXUO5HmwyPGtuP0Oti4bg4yQwDONcDg&_nc_ad=z-m&_nc_cid=0&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-mia5-1.cdninstagram.com&_nc_gid=cyantGyLc2Jbqf3hqsBZ_A&_nc_ss=7a22e&oh=00_AQPsNi0UAFC6c72ulqbwC183vi4W8h9My9VGMr_se228zA&oe=6AD81339)
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a month ago
Download ![In regional French, the number 70 is said as septante. [1]
Where Septante is Used
Switzerland: Commonly used in the French-speaking cantons (like Vaud, Valais, and Fribourg).
Belgium: Standard usage across the French-speaking regions.
Other regions: Spoken in parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and some areas of Nova Scotia, Canada. [1, 2, 3]
In standard standard French (used in France and Quebec), 70 is expressed as soixante-dix (literally "sixty-ten"). You can read more about these regional differences on Numbers in French. [1]
Silvio Pasqualini Bolzano inglese ripetizioni English insegnante teacher linguistics linguist linguista dialectology phonology lexicography lexicology polyglot poliglotta paleontology scuola di lingue language school tutor paleontologist paleontologia paleontologo science scientist scienziato italiano American Canadian taken in Bolzano, Italy by @privateenglish__lessons](https://s7.imginn.com/812903739_18126027524308043_2921326940528228411_n.webp?t51.82787-15/812903739_18126027524308043_2921326940528228411_n.webp?stp=dst-webp_p1290x1290&_nc_cat=105&ig_cache_key=Mzk4NzY1NzU5OTQzNDM1NDE5NQ%3D%3D.3-ccb7-5&ccb=7-5&_nc_sid=58cdad&efg=eyJ2ZW5jb2RlX3RhZyI6IkZFRUQueHBpZHMuMTQ0MC5zZHIucmVndWxhcl9waG90by5DMyJ9&_nc_ohc=bNCZ3xQqSGIQ7kNvwGP1Nm3&_nc_oc=AdoXzE2x83802BTXnokuJku6l9BZUMb6LCBAdmYl0_jtlEBdWFR7RgjuauOD7E3wm3Ko3jvCVmMZunXu9ZIkIK5x&_nc_ad=z-m&_nc_cid=0&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-mia3-2.cdninstagram.com&_nc_gid=cyantGyLc2Jbqf3hqsBZ_A&_nc_ss=7a22e&oh=00_AQMBBp25YjZn6BZMxqClW21ZvGHKeSulDd_ho66_m3SHSg&oe=6AD83206)
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a month ago
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2 months ago
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