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Institute for Hispano Studies

@hispano_studies

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Hispanic-Catholic Civilization
& Pan-Iberian geopolitics 𓃓 𖤓

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🏛️ Healthcare, Not Extermination: How Spain’s Viceregal Hospital System Refutes the “Genocide” Narrative
When evaluating history, actions and institutional policies carry far more weight than modern misconceptions. The idea that Spain intended to commit genocide against the native populations of the Americas falls apart when confronted with the vast medical infrastructure established throughout the empire. Genocide, by definition, requires a deliberate, systematic intent to eradicate a population. The historical reality of the Spanish Empire demonstrates the exact opposite: an unprecedented effort to heal, preserve, and protect human life.
📜 Key Historical Realities:
Early Precedents: Long before Emperor Carlos I issued the official decree of 1541 ordering hospitals in every town, Spanish conquistadors were already founding medical institutions. Hernán Cortés established the Hospital de Jesús Nazareno in Mexico City—the first hospital on the American continent, which remains operational to this day.
Rapid Expansion Across the Americas: Shortly after initial encounters, major medical centers were constructed in the Caribbean and across Peru. Over the centuries, hundreds of hospitals were built spanning the Americas, the Pacific, and Europe.
Epidemic Response & Innovation: Facing unprecedented global health crises, these institutions served as hubs for urgent medical care. Spanish and native practitioners desperately developed new medicinal methods and implemented strict quarantine practices to save the general public.
The Balmis Expedition (1803–1806): This mindset culminated in the Royal Philanthropic Vaccine Expedition, led by Dr. Francisco Javier de Balmis and sponsored by the Spanish Crown. It was the world’s first global international vaccination campaign, bringing the smallpox vaccine free of charge to hundreds of thousands across the Americas and the Philippines.
The establishment of a vast, royal-mandated hospital network across two hemispheres proves that Spanish imperial policy prioritized public health, social responsibility, and the preservation of indigenous life

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🇪🇸🇲🇽🇺🇸🔔⛪️📜🪙
14 de octubre de 1902 — El Fondo Piadoso de las Californias se inició en 1697 para ayudar a la Iglesia a llevar la fe a los pueblos indígenas. Fue financiado por católicos españoles de la élite desde los bancos de las iglesias. Cuando México obtuvo su independencia, los franciscanos fueron expulsados, las tierras de las misiones fueron vendidas y los Fondos Piadosos fueron tomados. La Iglesia quería lo que por derecho le pertenecía, por lo que llevó a México a los tribunales. El caso relativo al Fondo Piadoso de las Californias fue Estados Unidos contra México.
En este día de 1902, el tribunal de La Haya dictó un fallo determinando que la responsabilidad de México quedaba establecida por el principio de res judicata (cosa juzgada), y en virtud de la sentencia arbitral de Sir Edward Thornton, como árbitro de la Comisión Mixta de Reclamaciones; que en consecuencia, el Gobierno mexicano estaba obligado a pagar a los Estados Unidos, para el uso del arzobispo y los obispos católicos romanos de California, la suma de $1,420,682.67, en extinción de las anualidades acumuladas desde 1869 hasta 1902, y tenía la obligación adicional de pagar perpetuamente una anualidad de $43,050.99, en dinero de curso legal en México.

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Día de la Raza, Excelsior, Octubre 1937

Día de la Raza special issues of Filipino magazines in Spanish, Excelsior and Hispanidad. Día de la Raza / Día de la Hispanidad wasn't celebrated at the same scale here in 🇵🇭 as in much of the Hispanic world, but in the pre-War era, among the more affirmatively Hispanic circles, it was still commemorated. Cristobal Colón's voyage was significant in the long run as it made possible Fernando Magallanes's own expedition to the Pacific and encountering the Philippine archipelago and its people, then different tribes and kingdoms yet to be united.

On this cover is featured either El Cid or Santiago Matamoros.

#Filipino #Filipinas #Philippines #Hispanic Hispanidad

Excelsior, 10 de Octubre 1929

Featuring an illustration of the Reina Isabel de Castilla and Rey Fernando de Aragón.

Excelsior, 10 de Octubre 1932

Republican Spain with all the flags of the Hispanic world, including Filipinas, behind her.

Hispanidad, Octubre 1941

Hispanidad's special issue dedicated to Filipinas and her various cultures in line with commemorating Día de la Raza.

Hispanidad, Octubre 1940

This is a somewhat more simplified variation by Galo Ocampo of his 1938 painting 'Hispanidad', this time featuring Cristobal Colón on the lower-left, and on the right, a Native American and a Filipino datu holding a cross.

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. Hoy, Día de la Hispanidad, presentamos el movimiento cívico, social y político: Familia Hispana / Família Hispânica.

Queremos poner en valor TODO lo que nos une a todos los hispanos, los herederos de HISPANIA; antigua provincia imperial romana que hoy es Portugal y España.

Estamos en todos los continentes, hablamos portugués y español, tenemos un tronco común, raíces diversas y la fortaleza de la unión posible.

www,FamiliaHispanica.org
www.FamiliaHispana.org

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#Hispanidad
#Portugal
#España
#Iberoesfera
#hispanic

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When someone tells you only white people are Hispanic

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. La Familia Hispana debe permanecer siempre unida.
Me encantó asistir a los premios Influencia Hispana y entregar el premio a la maravillosa cantante panameña Erica Enders.

En este momento que público este vídeo me llega la noticia del terremoto en Panamá. Envío todo mi cariño, afecto y ánimo al amado pueblo hermano parameño ♥️

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#premiosinfluenciahispana
#influenciahispana
#erikaender
#panama
#FamiliaHispana

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. España ha sido secuestrada por una banda organizada de delincuentes.
Los españoles necesitamos liberarnos de las garras de Sánchez y asegurarnos de su detención y puesta a disposición judicial junto a todos los traidores que han colaborado en destruir nuestra vida, nuestra Historia, Presente y Futuro.

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#elecciones
#29N
#detenerasanchez
#disoluciondelamafiasanchista
#disoluciondelamafiasocialista

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“Varios estudios han roto con el mito de que el mexicano es el fruto de una violación. Los registros demuestran que muchos españoles llevaron a sus mujeres […] se casaron con indígenas y formaron familias. O sea, que no somos hijos de la chingada. Si un mexicano odia lo español, se está odiando a sí mismo.”
— Miguel León-Portilla, Historiador Mexicano
El mestizaje no es el borrado de nuestras raíces, es la honra viva de nuestro origen. A diferencia de los sistemas de verdadera segregación racial —como ocurrió en Estados Unidos, donde los matrimonios interraciales estuvieron prohibidos legalmente hasta 1967—, la Corona Española fomentó legalmente la integración. Desde el 14 de enero de 1514, mediante la Real Cédula del Rey Fernando el Católico, se garantizó el derecho al matrimonio entre españoles e indígenas, promoviendo la creación de familias legítimas.
Esta política de integración contradice la idea simplista de un “sistema de castas” rígido. Las famosas pinturas de castas del siglo XVIII no retrataban segregación, sino la aceptación visual del mestizaje en una sociedad con movilidad social, donde existían mujeres de la aristocracia indígena con gran riqueza y estatus, así como españoles en situaciones de pobreza.
Por eso, la visión hispanista bien entendida no se opone al indigenismo. Los verdaderos opuestos polares son el supremacismo blanco y el indigenismo radical, dos posturas que chocan por imponer una supuesta superioridad racial. El hispanismo legítimo trasciende la raza: celebra las similitudes civilizatorias y culturales que nos unen. El término “Hispano” suele confundirse con tener sangre exclusivamente española, cuando en realidad describe una identidad civilizatoria compartida. Ser hispano es haber heredado una historia, una lengua y un patrimonio cultural diverso, abrazando nuestro mestizaje sin distinción de raza o nacionalidad

Fuentes:
Recopilación de Leyes de los Reinos de las Indias, Libro VI, Título I, Ley II

World Factbook by the US Central Intelligence Agency

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@johnleguizamo STOP! 🛑 #fyp #johnleguizamo #latinosfortrump #latinx #likeandshare

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@the_chingon_chicano__ i can’t stand him! Pest use to be my favorite movie!smh! @johnleguizamo Latinx? Pendejo!🤦🏻‍♂️stop speaking for all of us! Speak for yourself you Latinx Joto Bird! #fypシ #johnleguizamo #latinx

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The truth about Spanish Law, Faith, and the Requerimiento 📜⚖️ ✝️

Most superficial summaries online paint the Spanish Empire as a monolith driven solely by “forced conversion at gunpoint.” But actual primary legal documents tell a completely different story.

Look at Tomo I, Book III, Title IV, Law 9 of the Recopilación de Leyes de Indias:

“We establish and command that war may NOT be made against the Indians of any province in order that they receive the Holy Catholic Faith, or yield obedience to us...”

Here is the context modern commentators keep missing:

📍Forced Conversion Was Explicitly Illegal: Spanish jurisprudence strictly prohibited waging war to force conversion or political submission. The Requerimiento (drafted by jurists after the Laws of Burgos in 1512) operated as an official legal warning/ultimatum. El requerimiento was legally restricted to cases of DEFENSE against prior armed aggression toward pacified towns or vassals “si fueren agresores con mano armada contra nuestros vasallos, se les hagan los requerimientos necesarios una, dos, y tres veces”

📍Hyper-Legalism & Self-Scrutiny: Spain was the only early modern empire that brought its own conquests to a grinding halt to debate the moral legitimacy of its actions (the famous School of Salamanca and Valladolid Debates). Every expedition was legally required to include notaries (escribanos) to document and curb abuses by overreaching conquistadors.

📍Faith as a Society’s Pillar: Religion in the 16th century was inseparable from political and social order across all global civilizations. Viewing Spanish Catholicism through a modern secular lens while romanticizing or giving a pass to indigenous religious and social impositions—such as mandatory imperial cults, tribute systems, or human sacrifices🩸☠️—is a blatant double standard.

History isn’t a monochrome caricature. If we evaluate pre-modern indigenous societies within their own cultural and spiritual frameworks, fairness demands we afford the exact same historical nuance to the legal and religious institutions of the Spanish Empire.

#History #SpanishEmpire #LeyDeIndias #requerimiento

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History shows that a rigid, legally mandated “Spanish Caste System” (sistema de castas) simply did not exist in the Americas. Recognizing this historical reality does not deny the existence of racism—prejudice has existed across all human societies and ages. However, the idea of an institutional, inescapable color line is a myth.
As early as 1514, King Fernando el Católico issued a royal decree granting complete freedom of marriage between Indigenous peoples and Spaniards. This law was not an anomaly; it was foundational policy. Unlike genuinely segregationist regimes designed to prevent racial mixing—such as Jim Crow laws in the United States or the anti-Semitic laws of Nazi Germany—the Spanish Empire legally protected and encouraged intermarriage (mestizaje).
The famous 18th-century casta paintings offer a clear glimpse into this reality. Far from depicting a rigid hierarchy, these artworks show well-dressed, wealthy people of color alongside impoverished Spaniards. They demonstrate that social status was tied to wealth and class rather than strictly skin color. Furthermore, these paintings were an Enlightenment-era attempt to record and comprehend a newly diverse, complex society through a tax-and-taxonomic lens, not a legally binding racial code.
Real history is nuanced, and moving past historical myths allows us to understand our true heritage.
“Various studies have broken with the myth that the Mexican is ‘the product of a rape.’ The records demonstrate that many Spaniards brought their wives, […] married Indigenous women, and formed families. In other words, we are not ‘sons of the violated woman.’ If a Mexican hates what is Spanish, he is hating himself.”
— Miguel León-Portilla
#History #SpanishEmpire #LeyesDeIndias #HistoryBuff #Mestizaje HistoricalTruth

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