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Artillery Hell
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Brigadier General John Gibbon leaves his mount to assist the crew of Battery B, 4th U. S. Artillery. With most of the regular members of the battery either dead or wounded, the gun depicted here was manned by a 15-year-old Bugler, Private Johnny Cook, and 22-year-old Infantryman, Private William Hagerty, both of whom would receive the Medal of Honor for their valiant actions "above and beyond" on this day. Supporting the four regiments of Brigadier General John Gibbon's "Iron Brigade," who were spearheading the advance of Federal I Corps to open the Battle of Antietam, was Battery B, 4th U. S. Artillery. Ordered to unlimber west of Hagerstown Pike, the battery quickly lost half of its cannoneers to Confederate sharpshooters. 
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At 6:30 a. m., on September 17, 1862, the 18th Georgia Infantry Regiment of Hood's Texas Brigade launched a furious attack to overrun the battery. Supported by the 6th Wisconsin, the cannoneers fought desperately to save their guns. The acrid smell of gunpowder filled the air, and the smoke was so heavy at times that the cannoneers could scarcely see their targets, as the Georgians advanced to within 15 yards of the guns. After assisting his wounded battery commander to the rear, Private Johnny Cook, the battery's 15-year-old bugler, observed that nearly all the cannoneers were down in the battery. Picking up a pouch of ammunition, he moved to the guns and worked as a cannoneer for the remainder of the battle, at times working alone. One of the guns had been ordered to displace forward to the pike and engage the Confederates with cannister.
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The crew, now manned by inexperienced volunteers, was firing so rapidly that no one was aware that the elevating screw lowered with each round fired causing the gun's missiles to pass harmlessly over the heads of the Confederates. Brigadier General Gibbon, who once commanded the battery, noticed what was happening and yelled to the crew to "run up the elevating screw." 
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