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Ringraziamo gli amici di @romamitica per questa piacevole occasione all’interno della Chiesa di Santa Maria in Cappella per la Fondazione di Santa Francesca Romana 🤗

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😀👇𝐄𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐮𝐬:

The 📸 is by @historyin3d 📌

Maxentius vs Constantine

One thing you start learn about history is that it is ultimately written by the successful, the conqueror, etc., and that the reception of those defeated is often clouded within a web of fanciful tales and these events have been handed down from one person to another, to another, etc. Furthermore, when we receive them today we often look at these accounts and assume everything to be exactly as its written within the books of Tacitus, Livy, and for today’s discussion, Eusebius.

It is with these words that we look at the reception of Maxentius, and how he has been vilified throughout the centuries as a man seemingly worse than a barbarian. Eusebius portrays him as a man that put confidence in the arts of sorcery rather than devotion to his subjects, and that Constantine was doing a wonderful thing by liberating the people, striking a blow against Paganism as a representative of Christianity.

However, we are told through other sources that Maxentius was the first, not Constantine, emperor who liberated the downtrodden and that “The storm of persecution was over and finished; by God’s command Maxentius sent a remission and liberty was restored to the Christians” St. Opatus Milevis 1.18📗✍

It was he who tried to revive the prestige of Rome, and it is highly significant that Maxentius chose not to enforce vigorously the legislation of his predecessors against the Christians. I am not saying that one source is more correct than the other but when you yourself analyse and judge Maxentius, keep in mind there is two sides to the story. His reign should be remembered as one of architectural vision for the city of Rome, awed statecraft and a likely victim of court propagandists who were far more interested in promoting the conqueror Constantine and denigrating the defeated, Maxentius.

#romeisthelight #ancientrome #religion #christianity #paganism

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😀👇𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐬 𝐓𝐡𝐫𝐚𝐱:

𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐝𝐨 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐤 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐮𝐬?.✍📗

The Pannonian Soldiers had declared Maximinus Thrax as Roman Emperor, a man better suited to the issues of the army than their previous emperor, Severus Alexander. However, he was a man not liked by the Senate, and seen as a barbarian, and not even a true Roman.

Nonetheless, Maximinus got to work and planned on controlling the troublesome barbarians who were causing trouble for the empire. However, things in the empire are not always straight forward, and for the new emperor, there was pockets of discontent among some from within. Some officers had sought to remove Maximinus and declare Magnus the new emperor but this failed.

However, what his reign has shown, that could be a surprise to some, is that work at the location of his famous victory at the Battle of the Harzhorn Hill, the giant emperor advanced further into Germania than many believed. Prior to this, he had an impressive victory against the Alemanni in 235 A.D., which allowed him to get the name of Dacius Maximus, Sarmaticus Maximus and the salutation of Imperator III. There is good reasons for him also having earned the salutations of Imperator IV, V and VI too.

These achievements meant that he achieved outstanding military successes against the Dacians and Sarmatians.

Maximinus had planned to continue his campaigns until all of the territory up to the Baltic Sea was in Roman Hands.

𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐨 𝐨𝐫 𝐕𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧?✍📗
Despite attempts to discredit him, it is believed that Maximinus was an able and diligent officer famed for his bravery. He was a competent and imaginative leader who worked tirelessly for the interests of the Roman Empire. He was a leader who had no issues leading from the front, and his bravery rallied his men around him.

#romeisthelight #ancientrome #rome #history #ancienthistory #italy #romanhistory #archaeology #romanempire #spqr #ancient #ancientworld #archeologia #eternalcity #romanemperor #romanemperors #emperors #maximinusthrax #crisisofthethirdcentury

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😀👇𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐉𝐞𝐰𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐑𝐞𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐭 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝟏:

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐈𝐬 𝐀 𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐑𝐞𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐝(𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐝).📌

It was around May of 66 A.D. when a serious revolt broke out in Judea. A revolt that many have concluded did not have one single cause for the outbreak of hostilities. The reasonings behind the First Revolt are largely, though not exclusively, extracted from thew works of Josephus. However, for some, the cause of the revolt is relatively simple, in that the fighting broke out over a sacrifice of birds. The Jewish Population had sought to buy land that was in the vicinity of their synagogue. They had offered the Greek Owner a lot more than it was worth. In response, the Greek Owner built workshops on the site making access to the synagogue much more difficult. This led to a series of events that escalated the tension, soon after the Roman Procurator Gessius Florus, who had been connected to Nero, fled from the city.

The man leading the intervention was C. Cestius Gallus, who had been the elderly consular legate of Syria with a force of 30,000 troops, which had included Legio XII Fulminata, with a further 2,000 men from his other three legions, IV Scythica, VI Ferrata and X Fretensis.

However, things were not looking great for the Romans when 6 months later the army of Cestius has been repelled from the Walls of Jerusalem. Furthermore, the defenders had managed to inflict 5,000 losses to the Romans, and they too captured a Legionary Eagle. The elderly Cestius would soon die too.

During this time Nero was going through a series of replacements in key positions, recalling those deemed to be a threat to his power.

At this time we are told by Seutonius that Vespasian among others have been given military commands.

“both as a man of tried energy and as one in no wise to be feared because of the obscurity of his family and name” Suetonius Life of Vespasian 4.5-6.✍📗

#romeisthelight #ancientrome #rome #history #ancienthistory #italy #romanhistory #archaeology #romanempire #spqr #ancient #travel #romanruins #ancientworld #eternalcity #josephus #vespasian #caesarea #jewishrevolt #nero #secondtemple #jerusalem #israel

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😀👇𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐥𝐞 𝐓𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐒𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐑𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐆𝐚𝐮𝐥:

The Battle of Strasbourg (Argentoratum) in 357 A.D. was a significant military victory for the Romans, especially as it showed the Late Roman Army was still tactically superior to many of its enemies. It also signified the reputation of Caesar Julian as a young and talented military leader. Despite being numerically inferior, the arms of Julian gained a complete and decisive victory pushing the Alemanni back beyond the Rhine as well as inflicting heavy casualties on them.

The Alemanni had been encroaching closer and closer imperial lands, alongside this there was a general pressure placed upon the borders of Rome. However, it came to a head when the Alemanni finally crossed the Rhine into Roman Gaul (357 A.D.). Julian was sent by his cousin Emperor Constantius II to deal with the trouble.

The Alemanni had numbered about 40-50,000, whereas the forces of Julian was much smaller. An earlier attempt to stop the crossing had failed and Julian opted for a battle of attrition before eventually signalling for the all out attack when the Alemanni had become too stretched. This caused chaos in the troops of the Alemanni, furthermore, the defensive position taken up by Julian cleverly used the local topography to their advantage. In the chaos the stronger discipline and training of the Roman Legions proved decisive, and the Alemanni were forced to retreat, with their leader Chnodomar was captured.

This victory heavily weakened the threat of the Alemanni, as well as showing that Rome could still engage in the battlefield and win decisively. Furthermore, it stabilised the Roman Frontier considerably.

The victory at Strasbourg enhanced the military and political reputation of Julian.

The work of Julian written about this specific battle is currently lost, we have the works of Ammianus Marcellius who discusses the battle in great detail.

#romeisthelight #ancientrome #rome #history #ancienthistory #italy #romanhistory #archaeology #romanempire #spqr #ancient #travel #romanruins #ancientworld #architecture #eternalcity #storia #romanlife #emperorjulian #france #strasbourg #alemanni #constantiusii #pagan

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🙂👇𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐃𝐚𝐦𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨 𝐌𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐨:

In this inscription we can see with Lines 10-11 where the name Stilicho has been erased. The inscription was set up to celebrate the many victories of Stilicho but a few years after his cruel execution as an ‘enemy of the state’, his names were scrubbed out from the record.

Fidei virtutiq(ue) devotissimorum / militum dom(i)norum nostrorum / Arcadi, Honori et Theodosi, / perennium Augustorum, / post confectum Gothicum / bellum, felicitate aeterni / principis dom(i)ni nostri Honori, / consiliis et fortitudine / inlustris viri, comitis et / [[[magistri utriusq(ue) militiae]]] / [[[Fl(avi) Stilichonis, bis co(n)s(ulis) ord(inarii)]]], / s(enatus) p(opulus)q(ue) R(omanus), / curante Pisidio Romulo, v(iro) c(larissimo), / praef(ecto) urbi, vice sacra / iterum iudicante.

'To the loyalty and valour of the most devoted soldiers of our lords Arcadius, Honorius and Theodosius, eternal Augusti, after the war against the Goths was finished by the good fortune of our eternal emperor our lord Honorius, [and] the counsels and bravery of the count and master of both soldieries (magister utriusque militiae), Flavius Stilicho, of illustris rank, twice consul. The Senate and People of Rome [set this up], under the supervision of Pisidius Romulus, of clarissimus rank, prefect of the City, judge representing the emperor for the second time.'

Stilicho had the opportunity to let his men declare him emperor and spare his life, however, he ordered his men to stand down and he went quietly to be executed. A prime example of how unskilled and jealous individuals, in this situation, such as Olympius conspired with even more feeble emperors such as Honorius to bring down the one man holding the whole empire together.

The father of Honorius, Theodosius I, would not have allowed his trusted general Stilicho to be treated so cruelly and cowardly.

#romeisthelight #ancientrome #rome #history #ancienthistory #italy #romanhistory #archaeology #romanempire #spqr #ancient #roman #romanruins #ancientworld #archeologia #damnatiomemoriae #eternalcity #caracalla #stilicho #romangeneral #inscription #romaninscription

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😀👇𝐁𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐌𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐬:

It is 552 A.D. and Rome is back in the hands of the Roman Empire, and Belisarius can continue his well earned rest in retirement. However, during his retirement he finds it hard to escape accusations of disloyalty towards Justinian, yet, all of these prove to be false accusations. Despite all of the bad treatment in which Belisarius has received, it is he who the emperors calls for when the city of Constantinople in threatened in 559 A.D. by Kotrigur Huns.

The city and the empire are once more under threat and Belisarius rallies behind his emperor one final time to protect the empire. It is on the Danube Front that Slavs, Hunnic Belgars had committed several raids into Dacia, Dalmatia and Thrace, pushing south towards Thermopylae, and as far east as Constantinople. This is when the Kotrigur Huns joined up with their allies.

The historian Agathias tells us that Justinian had allowed the Roman Army to dwindle from 645,000 men to 150,000. Furthermore, his general reluctance to care for his men led to the quality of the Roman Army to fall too. Due to ongoing wars elsewhere, there was next to no combat ready soldiers in Constantinople.

When the news of Belisarius having returned reached the people, many became eager to fight alongside the famous general. We are told that the majority of his army was his 300 veterans from Italy. Despite the small force gathered Belisarius went out to meet the barbarian coalition outside the Walls of Constantinople, driving them back. A clever deployment of his troops alongside his name led the Huns to fear a much larger force.

The victory of Belisarius once again demonstrated how loved he was, the people of Constantinople praising him for saving them, while Justinian was criticised.

One last time, when Belisarius was needed to save the empire and his emperor he was ready.

#romeisthelight #Roma #RomanLegion #RomanEmpire #SPQR #History #RomanHistory #AncientHistory #mosaic #roman #romanruins #italy #ancientworld #história #rome #storia #imperoromano #forum #istanbul #roman #theodora #romecityworld #constantinople #justinian #procopius #belisarius #ancientbattles

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😀👇𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚 & 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐞:

𝐈 𝐚𝐦 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐫𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐨 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐰 𝐦𝐲 𝐩𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐥𝐨𝐯𝐞. 𝐇𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫, 𝐈 𝐝𝐨 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐦𝐲 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐤 𝐈 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐨𝐦 𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐬 𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬. 𝐈 𝐬𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐝𝐮𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐈 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐚 𝐛𝐞𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐞𝐱𝐭 𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐢𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐉𝐮𝐥𝐢𝐮𝐬 𝐂𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐚𝐫, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐞𝐱𝐭 𝐢𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐑𝐨𝐦𝐞'𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞.

𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐝, 𝐈 𝐝𝐨 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐥𝐢𝐤𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐩𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐥𝐨𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐬 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐥 𝐭𝐨 𝐝𝐨.

𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐮𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥 𝐨𝐟 '𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠' 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐝𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐦𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐞. 𝐈 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐢𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐲𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐚 𝐝𝐨𝐮𝐛𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐦𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐫𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 '𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠' 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦. 𝐈𝐭 𝐢𝐬, 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐚 𝐝𝐨𝐮𝐛𝐭, 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐜𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐨-𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝 '𝐠𝐨𝐨𝐝' 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐦𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐞.

𝐇𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫, 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐧𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞?.📗✍

𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐝𝐨 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐤? 📗✍

𝐓𝐡𝐞 📸 𝐢𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 https://tinyurl.com/mum6ake3

#romeisthelight #ancientrome #rome #history #ancienthistory #italy #romanhistory #archaeology #colosseum #romanempire #spqr #ancient #romanruins #colosseum #ancientworld #archeologia #eternalcity #storia #imperoromano #urbsaeterna #romacaputmundi #romaaeterna #colosseumrome #ancientcivilization #ancientarchitect

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😀👇𝐃𝐢𝐨𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐬 ‘𝐃𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐡:

Stephen Williams has suggested that Diocletian appeared to many people as a traditionalist through his military policies and that he opted to focus on strong, single legions, and returning the armies to the frontiers rather than having acted as a standing force around the emperor. This was intended to move the military away from the weaknesses of the perimeter defence of Hadrian.

Diocletian favoured a strategy that allowed static forces to absorb and the mobile forces to destroy the would be invaders. It was a strategy that allowed the removal of men from the borders during times of trouble without weakening the frontiers.

‘By the foresight of Diocletian the frontiers were everywhere studded with cities and forts and towers, and the whole army stationed along them. It was thus impossible for the barbarians to break through, since at every point they encountered an opposing force strong enough to repel them’’ Zosimus New History 2.34 📗✍

His system has been described as a ‘Defence in Depth’ by Edward Luttwak, having placed many troops on the frontiers but adequately supported by fortified road posts and depots in the hinterland. The barbarians would be allowed into the provinces and then Roman forces converged upon the enemy, fighting on terms and territories suited to them.

Diocletian strengthened the frontiers, building forts, strengthening natural barriers and establishing military roads from Britain in the west to the Strata Diocletiana in the east, a road running from the Red Sea to Dura on the Euphrates. Lastly, it has been suggested that Diocletian increased the size of the army with the introduction of around 14-17 legions by the time he abdicated. These were some of the reasons for 20 years of stability during a time of chaos and decay.

#romeisthelight #ancientrome #rome #history #ancienthistory #italy #romanhistory #archaeology #romanempire #spqr #ancient #tetrarchy #romanruins #ancientworld #archeologia #eternalcity #storia #cabbage #salona #forum #diocletian #split #croatia #palaceofdiocletian #romanemperor #constantine #romanemperor #diocletianspalace #travel

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😀👇𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 '𝐃𝐞𝐜𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞' 𝐢𝐧 𝐀𝐫𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐲:

The art of Late Antiquity has often been viewed in a bad light due to its difference to the early classical work. Suggestions that there was a lack of ‘decent’ sculptors within Rome, and elsewhere. This lacking led to the productions of this period producing supposedly inferior artwork, or at least this has been suggested. It seems people can be all too willing to see it as a decline when it was part of a transformation period. The economy for one was not as affluent during this period, particularly after having endured a conveyor belt of usurpations and assassinations over the course of the 3rd-century. Needless to say, stability was not a characteristic that can be attributed to the majority of the 3rd-century. I would say that, for the most part, it was not a decline but simply, a transition to a new style that suited the Later Roman Empire.

Additionally, we are informed by Vitruvius, who was writing in the 1st-century B.C., who advocated the reuse of seasoned brick because the quality of its clay and firing had been proved by the test of time. So, while some contemporary writers have suggested it has been seen as a more ideological approach, you cannot ignore the fragile nature of the economy at this time.

Lastly, it must also be said, how many Romans would have been overtly aware of the visual reappropriation made to the Arch of Constantine? The minute changes would likely pass the majority of Romans by. It could have been viewed as appropriating materials of the good emperors, or more likely an awareness to borrow sculptures from emperors that were easier to readapt for the purpose of displaying Constantine, etc. Thereby, it made more sense to have borrowed and readapted works of Marcus Aurelius as opposed to Vitellius.

#romeisthelight #ancientrome #rome #history #ancienthistory #italy #romanhistory #archaeology #romanempire #spqr #ancient #roman #romanruins #ancientart #ancientworld #architecture #archeologia #roma #colosseum #eternalcity #storia #imperoromano #italygram #forum #constantine #sculputure #marble #statues

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New work ‘from faces I have known’ a series of works looking at people I have met over the years. #history #lifelessons #living #beginning #endings

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UN PIATTO PER HAITI 2 🇭🇹
Art Exhibition - Fundraiser
Vernissage 15 giugno ore 18
Galleria dei Miracoli
Via del Corso 528, Roma - Piazza del Popolo

Visto il successo della prima edizione, a giugno il cuore di Roma si tingerà ancora dei colori e del folklore caraibico con l'evento raccolta fondi i cui proventi saranno interamente devoluti al Centre Culturel Pyepoudre che opera in territorio haitiano; un ringraziamento a tutti i pittori, i fotografi, le associazioni, i giornalisti, gli istituti, gli amici haitiani, italiani e di tutto il mondo che a vario titolo stanno collaborando alla realizzazione di questo progetto con calore e incrollabile fiducia nel lavoro di questo direttivo.
Grazie al contributo del Rettorato e del Responsabile della Galleria di S.M.dei dei Miracoli Raoul Bendinelli per la concessione degli spazi espositivi a titolo completamente gratuito.
Paola Aleandri
Direttore Artistico

con
Olga Toussaint
Monette Etienne
Associazione Fraternità Haitiana
Roma Mitica
Paola Frankopan
Amis de La Reine
Therese Theodore
Libera Accademia Belle Arte Rimini
Galleria La Porta dell'Arte
Ikonica

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