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No wave. No wind. So how do foilers keep flying? They pump.
Driving down: you stomp the board. The wing bites the water at up to 18°, and the water shoves back hard, like a trampoline (blue arrow). That shove is lift. And because the wing is diving, the water hits it from below, so the lift leans forward and pulls you ahead (green arrow).

Rising: you unweight. The wing slides back up at just 3°, lift almost gone. It rises because you stop pushing, not because the water pushes harder. Your legs don't push you forward. They tilt the water's push forward.

Now watch the wake. Every stroke flings a swirl of water backward. That water going back is you going forward.
Same trick as a dolphin's tail or a bird's wing: you're flapping a wing through water.

And the yellow line: each stomp kicks your speed up, each rise lets it fade. That's why rhythm is everything.
Lift doesn't just hold you up. Tilt it forward and it drives you.
The pump is how you tilt it.

[SCIENCE]
• 2D CFD of the wing section (lattice Boltzmann, LES). 
• 75kg rider + 5kg gear, ~1670cm² wing, 4m/s average.
• Net push ~+100N. Launch from rest to ~4.7m/s (too slow to carry a rider at first), then swings of ~2.9-5.4m/s.
• 2D slice: no wingtips, mast or stabilizer. Arrows: vertical parts, true scale (green 2x).
• Your push isn't purely vertical: it leans with the water's force (faint arrows). Orange DRAG flashes: on the rise the water holds the wing back a little. The next drive pays it back.

#aerodynamics #foils #wings #foiling #surfing
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